2. Problem Definition

Earlier generations of blockchains exposed two extremes:

• An overemphasis on decentralization, distancing them from regulatory frameworks.

• A blind insistence on fully public chains, weakening safeguards for listings and circulation, allowing fraudulent tokens to proliferate.

Both extremes have undermined public trust and held back blockchain’s adoption as practical infrastructure.

Another structural limitation is price volatility. Crypto assets fluctuate so heavily that they cannot serve as everyday payment instruments.

• For businesses: volatility creates accounting and settlement risks.

• For consumers: it introduces uncertainty in spending decisions.

As a result, blockchain remained an “interesting technology” but failed to mature into stable infrastructure for payments.

BitNanum addresses this head-on. By balancing technological freedom with institutional trust — Usable Decentralization — BitNanum pursues both market integrity and payment effectiveness.